Efemerides: Julio

Día Año Efeméride
1 1829 Nace el poeta Juan Cristóbal Nápoles Fajardo (El Cucalambé).
1871 Es fusilado en Nuevitas, Federico Fernández Cavada.
1940 Es firmada la Constitución de la República en ceremonia solemne efectuada en el centro escolar Salvador Cisneros Betancourt, en el poblado camagüeyano de Guáimaro, donde el 10 de abril de 1869 se promulgó la primera Constitución de la República en Armas.
1960 El primero de julio de son intervenidas las subsidiarias de las dos principales transnacionales petroleras que operaban en Cuba: Esso (norteamericana) y Shell (inglesa), por desacatar la orden del Gobierno Revolucionario de procesar el combustible suministrado por la Unión Soviética. Con esta medida, unida a la intervención por igual motivo de la estadounidense Texaco -ocurrida dos días antes-, la Revolución derrota la maniobra imperialista tendiente a dejar al pais sin combustible y paralizar la economía.
1968 Es distribuido a todo el pueblo el Diario del Che en Bolivia, con prólogo del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro.
1986 Queda inaugurado por Fidel en la capital del país el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología.
2 1626 Son rechazados en La Habana corsarios holandeses al mando de Hans Van-Dorr.
3 1898 Batalla naval de Santiago de Cuba. Fin de la escuadra española al mando de Pascual Cervera.
1915 Nace el expedicionario del Granma, Juan Manuel Márquez.
4 1936 Muere el poeta Bonifacio Byrne.
5 1896 Muere en el combate de Loma del Gato, el General José Maceo
1934 Muere Agustín Martin Veloz, Martinillo, destacado luchador y fundador del Partido Socialista en Manzanillo.
6 1763 Retirada de los ingleses de La Habana.
1885 José Martí expone su concepto de líder en carta a Enrique Trujillo, director de El Avisador Cubano: ”Unos ven para ahora, y son los mas, y cuya vista alcanza menos. Otros ven para ahora y para luego, que es como se debe ver en las cosas de los pueblos, para quienes lo presente no es mas que la manera de ir al porvenir”.
1973 Por primera vez se festeja el Día de los Niños. Fidel y Raúl se reúnen con una representación de pioneros de todo el país.
1982 Fallece Raúl Roa García, revolucionario consecuente y vigoroso intelectual que, con su ejemplar actuación como ministro de Relaciones Exteriores del Gobierno Revolucionario, se ganó el nombre de Canciller de la Dignidad.
9 1898 La escuadra yanqui bombardea Santiago de Cuba.
1958 Son asesinados los revolucionarios Pedro Martínez Brito y José Rodríguez Vedo (Tato)
11 1800 Nace en La Habana el poeta José de la Luz y Caballero.
12 1854 Nace el delegado de Martí en Cuba, Juan Gualberto Gómez.
13 1895 Batalla de Peralejo. Importante victoria de los mambises dirigido por Antonio Maceo.
14 1960 Tres buques de la Marina de Guerra de Estados Unidos violan las aguas cubanas en las cercanías de la playa de Sigua, en el sur de la provincia de Oriente, los cuales hicieron maniobras y prácticas de artillería.
1962

Aparece el cadáver del pescador Rodolfo Rosell Salas, víctima de desmanes de los marines acantonados en la base naval de Guantánamo.

Se inaugura la línea radiotelefónica Habana-Moscú.

15 1689 Fundación de Santa Clara.
16 1881 Nace el polígrafo cubano Fernando Ortiz Fernández.
1898 Rendición de las tropas españolas en Santiago de Cuba.
1903 El senado cubano “aprueba” el convenio de arrendamiento de las estaciones carboneras y navales de la bahía de Guantánamo.
19 1876 Como parte de la ofensiva que libran con rumbo a occidente, tropas mambisas asaltan la ciudad de Santa Clara, fundada el 15 de julio de 1689.
1953 Los jóvenes de la Generación del Centenario tienen su última práctica de tiro y entrenamiento militar en la finca Santa Elena, cerca del poblado de Los Palos, en el municipio Nueva Paz.
1958 Cae en combate el capitán Andrés Cuevas Heredia, ascendido póstumamente a comandante.
1960 El 19 de julio, el Canciller de la Dignidad, Raúl Roa, reitera ante el Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU las acusaciones al Gobierno de los Estados Unidos por sus agresiones de todo tipo contra la Revolucion y el pueblo cubanos. Mediante esta intervención, el Gobierno Revolucionario reafirma su pleno derecho a elegir la vía del Consejo de Seguridad para fijar su posición y expresa que acepta cualquier tribuna para defender la soberanía nacional.
1964 Disparos procedentes de la base naval de Guantánamo acaban con la vida del soldado guardafronteras Ramón López Peña.
1977 Queda oficialmente inaugurado el Centro de Estudios Martianos, organismo de investigación multidisciplinaria sobre la vida, obra, vigencia y proyección de José Martí.
1980 El Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro inaugura el Centro de Exploración de Pioneros Ramón Paz, en Santo Domingo, Sierra Maestra.
1984 La energía eléctrica llega al punto más oriental de Cuba.
20 1882 Es asesinado el líder obrero gráfico Alfredo López . De él, fundador de la Federación Obrera de La Habana y la Confederación Nacional Obrera de Cuba, dijo Mella: “Discutir con el sobre problemas de organización era como discutir con un general famoso sobre cuestiones de tácticas guerreras”.
1890 Aprovechando una visita de Flor Crombet, José Martí envía sus primeras cartas a los Generales Antonio Maceo y Máximo Gómez para invitarlos a unirse a los nuevos esfuerzos libertarios.
1926 Nace el compositor y director de orquesta Gonzalo Roig.
1975 El Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro inaugura el campamento de Pioneros Jose Marti, en Tarara.
1977 Fidel habla en la graduación del primer contingente del Destacamento Pedagógico Manuel Ascunce Domenech, en el teatro Lázaro Pena de la Central de Trabajadores de Cuba.
1989 El Senado de los Estados Unidos aprueba la prohibición a las firmas subsidiarias de compañías norteamericanas establecidas en terceros países de realizar operaciones comerciales con Cuba.
23 1963 Ley nacionalizando el edificio de la Embajada de E.U.
24 1731 Sublevación de esclavos en el cobre.
1957 Muere asesinado el revolucionario René Fraga Moreno.
1961 Llega a La Habana el cosmonauta Yuri Gagarín.
25 1515 Fundación de San Cristóbal de La Habana.
26 1762 Muere el héroe popular Pepe Antonio (José A. Gómez Bullones). Se destacó como guerrillero en la defensa de La Habana.
1953 ASALTO A LOS CUARTELES MONCADA , EN SANTIAGO DE CUBA, Y CARLOS MANUEL DE CESPEDES, EN BAYAMO. DIA DE LA REBELDIA NACIONAL (Se declaró así en 1959).
27 1953 Es clausurado el periódico “Hoy” por la tiranía batistiana.
29 1819 Nace en Bayamo “Perucho” Figueredo, autor del himno nacional.
1953 Es asesinado el asaltante al Moncada, Hugo Camejo.
30 1957 Son asesinados en Santiago de Cuba, los revolucionarios Frank País y Raúl Pujol. Día de los Mártires de la Revolución.
1958 Muere en combate el revolucionario René Ramos Latour (Daniel).
31 1861 Se nombran por la Metrópoli peritos tasadores de esclavos.

 

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